¡¾Ö°³¡Ð¡ËµÁ¬ÔØ¡¿ÉîÛÚÑз¢·çÔÆÎåʮһ¡ª¡ªÎªÊ²Ã´ÊµÑéIPDÖ®ºó£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬²¢Ã»ÓÐÏñ»ªÎªÒ»Ñù¸øÄ±»®´øÀ´×ÊÖú£¨Ê®Ò»£©
Å·Ñô½¨£ºÎ¢Â빫˾ӪÏú¸±×Ü
Àî±ó£ºÎ¢Â빫˾Ñз¢¸±×Ü£»£»£»£»£»£»
À²Å Íõ³¬¶°£ºÓªÏúÖ÷¸É£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Å·Ñô½¨µÄÏÂÊô¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
ÍõÏþÍ®£ºÍõ³Ì֮Ů£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬´´¶þ´ú£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÆÕÁÖ˹¶Ùѧ³É¹é¹ú£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬³Ð½ÓÆä¸¸Ç×Íõ³ÌµÄÊÂÒµ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
³ÂÍþ£ºÎ¢Â빫˾ÐÂÈñÏîĿ˾Àí
ËùÔÚ£ºÎ¢Â빫˾µÄÈýÂ¥¾Û»á
Õâ¸öʱ¼äÍõÏþÍ®µÄͻȻÎÊÁËÒ»¸öÎÊÌ⣬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÕÅЦÌìµÄ»Ø¸²È´ÈÃÀî±óÐľªÈâÌø¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
ÍõÏþÍ®ÎÊÕÅЦÌì£ºÕæ¼ÙIPDµÄµÚÁùµã²î±ðÊÇÊ²Ã´ÄØ£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿
ÕÅЦÌìµãò¥Ê×µÀ£º¡°ÕâµãÊǺÜÊÇÒªº¦µÄ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£Ò²ÊÇIPDÀå¸ï½ÏÁ¿Äѵġ£¡£¡£¡£¡£Õæ¼ÙIPDµÄµÚÁùµã²î±ð£ºÕæIPDÑз¢ÖÐÐÄÊÇÊÕÈëÖÐÐÄ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¶ø¼ÙIPDµÄÑз¢ÖÐÐÄÊÇÓöÈÖÐÐÄ¡¡¡±
¡°ÕÅÏÈÉú£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Äܲ»¿ÉÏêϸºÍÎÒÃǽ²½²Ê²Ã´ÊÇÊÕÈëÖÐÐÄ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Ê²Ã´ÊÇÓöÈÖÐÐÄÂ𣿣¿£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿¡±
ËäÈ»¾Óɼ¸¸öСʱµÄÒ»Á¬ÌÖÂÛ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÕÅЦÌìÓÐЩƣÀÍ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¿ÉÊÇ¿´×Ÿ÷ÈËÇóÖªµÄÑÛÉñ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Á¢ÂíÓÖÈݹâ»À·¢ÆðÀ´¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£×öÕÕÁÏÄÜ×öºÃ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬µÃÓÐÕâÖÖÆ·ÖÊ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¾ÍÏñÒ»¸öÎèÕߣ¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¹ÛÖÚÔ½¶àÔ½ÓÐÁ¦Á¿¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
ÕÅЦÌìºÈµô°ë±¿§·È£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÇåÇåɤ×Ó˵£ºÎÒÃǶ¼ÖªµÀ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÓÐÊÕÈë²ÅÓÐÀûÈ󡣡£¡£¡£¡£µ«ÆóÒµÀï²»ÊÇÿ¸ö²¿·Ö¶¼ÒªÃæÁÙÊг¡£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬±¬·¢ÊÕÈëµÄ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
ÔڹŰåµÄ¹ÜÆÊÎö¼ÆÀ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Æ¾Ö¤Ò»¸ö²¿·ÖÊÇ·ñ±¬·¢ÊÕÈëÕâ¸ö±ê×¼£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬»®·Ö³ÉÁË¡°ÊÕÈëÖÐÐÄ¡±£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¡°±¾Ç®ÖÐÐÄ¡±ÕâÁ½´óÀà¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£ÔÚ»ªÎª£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¹ÜÀíÉÏ»®·ÖΪ¸üΪϸ»¯µÄ£ºÊÕÈëÖÐÐÄ¡¢ÀûÈóÖÐÐÄ¡¢±¾Ç®ÖÐÐÄ¡¢ÓöÈÖÐÐÄ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£

ÊÕÈëÖÐÐĺÍÀûÈóÖÐÐÄÖ±½ÓÃæÁÙÊг¡£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÄܶÔÍâÏúÊÛ»ñµÃÊÕÈë¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£×îµä·¶µÄ¾ÍÊÇÏúÊÛ²¿·Ö¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
±¾Ç®ºÍÓöÈÖÐÐIJ»Ö±½ÓÃæÁÙÊг¡£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬²»±¬·¢ÊÕÈ룬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÏñÉú²ú²¿·Ö£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬²ÆÎñ²¿·Ö£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÐÐÕþºóÇÚµÈÆóÒµµÄÖС¢ºǫ́²¿·ÖµÈ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÓÉÓÚ²¿·ÖµÄÐÔ×Ó²î±ð£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÉóºË±ê×¼Ò²·×ÆçÑù¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
ÊÕÈëÖÐÐÄÉóºËÊÕÈ룬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÀûÈóÖÐÐĵIJ¿·ÖÉóºËÀûÈ󣬣¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬±¾Ç®ÖÐÐĵIJ¿·ÖÉóºË±¾Ç®£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÓöÈÖÐÐÄÉóºËÓöȿØÖÆ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
¹Å°åÉÏ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬´ó²¿·ÖÆóÒµ°ÑÑз¢ÖÐÐĵ±³ÉÓöÈÖÐÐÄ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£ÕâÑù×ö£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬»á·ºÆðÁ½¸öÖ÷ÒªÎÊÌâ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
µÚÒ»£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬²¿·ÖÖ®¼äµÄÄ¿µÄ·×ÆçÖ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
ÎÒ¸øÄã¾Ù¸öÀý×Ó°É¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¼ÙÉèÏúÊÛ²¿½Óµ½Ò»¸öDZÔÚ´ó¶©µ¥µÄ¿Í»§ÐèÇ󣬣¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¿Í»§Ï£Íû°ëÄêÄܹ»¿ª·¢³öÀ´¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£ÏúÊÛ²¿Ë¾ÀíÆÈÇлðÁÇÅÜÈ¥ÕÒÑз¢Ë¾Àí£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ËµÄãÄܲ»¿É¼Ó°à¼Óµã°ïÎÒ°ÑÕâ¸ö¸øÑз¢³öÀ´£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿
Ñз¢²¿Ë¾Àí˵£º¡°Ç·Ê¢Òâ˼£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÎÒµÄÑз¢Ö°Ô±¶¼ÔÚÆäËûÏîÄ¿ÉÏ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¾ÍÕ⻹ÌìÌì¼Ó°àÄØ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÄãÕâµÃÅŶӰ¡¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£²¢ÇÒÎÒ¿´Õâ¸öÎÒÃÇûÓÐÊÖÒÕ´¢±¸£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÑоÙʶȴ󣬣¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬²¢ÇÒÎÒ¿´Êг¡ÐèÇóҲδ±Ø´ó£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Ò²Ðí¿Í»§Ö»ÊÇÈÃÎÒÃÇËÍÑù×ö¸ö½ÏÁ¿¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡±
Äã¿´£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Ñз¢ÖÐÐÄÈÏÕæÈË´ÓÐÄÌïÉÏÀ´ËµÊDz»¿ÏÒâ½ÓµÄ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´ÄØ£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿
ÓÉÓÚÑз¢²¿·ÖÊÇ¡°ÓöÈÖÐÐÄ¡±£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¹«Ë¾¶ÔËûÃǵÄÉóºË¾ÍÊÇ׼ʱÍê³ÉÑз¢ÏîÄ¿½ø¶ÈµÄ¸æ¿¢£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Ñз¢ÓöȵĿØÖÆ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Ö°Ô±ÈËΪµÄ¿ØÖÆ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£Õâ¸öÌØÊâDZÔÚÐèÇó¸øÏúÊÛ²¿·ÖºÍÆóÒµÔöÌí¼¸¶àÊÕÈ룬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ºÍÑз¢²¿·ÖûÓÐÖ±½Ó¹ØÏµ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬·´¶ø»¹ÔöÌíÁËÑз¢¼ç¸º£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬µ¹ÔËÓÚ¹«Ë¾¶ÔËûÉóºËÖ¸±êµÄ¸æ¿¢¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
Äã¿´£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬´ÓÏúÊÛ²¿ºÍÑз¢²¿¸÷×ÔµÄ̬¶ÈÀ´Ëµ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬×öµÄ¶¼ÊÇ×îÀûÓÚ×Ô¼ºµÄ¾öÒé¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¿ÉÊǹØÓÚ¹«Ë¾À´Ëµ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Ã»ÓÐÕâ¸ö²úƷ׽ס»ú»á¾ÍÄð³ÉÁËËðʧ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
ÕâÒ²ÊÇÐí¶à¹«Ë¾Ò»Ö±ÔÚÀÏÓªÒÖºØúÆ·ÏßÉϹ̲½×Է⣬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÔÚÐÂÓªÒµ¡¢Ð»ú»áÉϼÈȱ·¦¿ª½®ÍØÍÁµÄÒâÔ¸ÓÖȱ·¦¹¥³ÇÂԵصÄÄÜÁ¦£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Ò»Ö±ÔÚÀϲúÆ·ÏßÉÏÄÚ¾í¡¡¡°
ÕÅЦÌì½²µ½ÕâÀ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Î¢ÂëµÄ¸É²¿µÍÏÂÁËÍ·£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÏëÏëÕâ²»¾ÍÊÇ΢ÂëµÄÏÖ×´Â𣿣¿£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿Ò»Ö±»ùÓÚ¿Í»§¶©µ¥ÔÚÀϲúÆ·ÉÏÉî¶ÈÄÚ¾í¿ª·¢£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬°ÕÁËÍùÐí¶à´ó»ú»á¡¢°üÀ¨ÏñйÚÕâÑùÒ½ÁÆÐÐÒµµÄ´ó»ú»á¶¼Ã»ÓÐ׽ס¡¡ÔÀ´ÈªÔ´ÔÚÕâ¸öµØ·½°¡£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¸÷ÈËÐÄÌïÀï¶¼·×·×¸øÕÅЦÌìÊúÆðÁË´óÄ´Ö¸¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
°ÑÑз¢ÖÐÐĵ±³ÉÓöÈÖÐÐÄ´øÀ´µÄµÚ¶þ¸öÎÊÌâÊÇ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬²¿·ÖÖ®¼äÎÞÐÎÖÐÖþÆðÁËÒ»µÀǽ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£ÐÅÏ¢ÔÚ´©Ç½µÄʱ¼ä²ã²ãË¥¼õ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÕâÑù¾ÍÈÝÒ×±¬·¢ÐÅÏ¢µÄÅ£±ÞЧӦ¡¡¡°
¡°ÕÅÏÈÉú£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Ê²Ã´ÊÇÅ£±ÞÐ§Ó¦ÄØ£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿¡±³ÂÍþÎʵÀ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
ÕÅЦÌì¶Ô³ÂÍþÕâÖÖ²»¶®¾ÍÎʵľ«ÉñºÜÊÇÔÞÉÍ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬µãò¥Ê×˵£º¡°Å£±ÞЧӦ¡±Ó¢ÎÄÃû³Æ£ºBullwhip effect£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÊǾ¼ÃѧÉϵÄÒ»¸öÊõÓ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Ö¸ÐèÇó±äÒìÊ§ÕæÕ÷Ï󣬣¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Ê¹ÐÅÏ¢Á÷´Ó×îÖÕ¿Í»§¶ËÏò³§¼Òת´ïʱ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÎÞ·¨ÓÐÓõØÊµÏÖÐÅÏ¢¹²Ïí£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Ê¹µÃÐÅϢŤÇú¶øÖð¼¶Ê§Õ棬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬µ¼ÖÂÁËÐèÇóÐÅÏ¢·ºÆðÔ½À´Ô½´óµÄ²¨¶¯£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬´ËÐÅϢŤÇúµÄ·Å×ÅÊöÓÃÔÚͼÐÎÉϺÜÏñÒ»¸ö˦ÆðµÄÅ£±Þ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Òò´Ë±»ÐÎÏ󵨳ÆÎªÅ£±ÞЧӦ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£

ÒÔǰÓû§Ã»ÓÐÌ«¶àÑ¡Ôñ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÆóÒµÉú²úʲô£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Óû§¾ÍÂòʲô¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£ÒÔÊÇÆóÒµ²»±ØÈÃÿ¸ö²¿·Ö¶¼ÃæÏòÊг¡£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÊµÊ±¸ÐÊÜÊг¡µÄת±äÒ²ÄÜı»®ºÃ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Ðí¶à¹«Ë¾×ÜÊÇÏ£ÍûÑз¢¶à¿ªÒ»Ð©ÏîÄ¿£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Æäı»®¼ÙÉèÒ²ÊÇ»ùÓÚ´Ë£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÔÚÕâÑùµÄı»®¼ÙÉèÏ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Æóҵı»®Õß×ÔÈ»¶øÈ»Êǽ«Ñз¢µ±×öÓöÈÖÐÐÄÀ´¹ÜÀí£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬×öµÄÏîĿԽ¶à£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬µ¥¸öÏîÄ¿ÉϵÄ̯ÏúÓöÈÔ½ÉÙ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ROEÒ²Ô½¸ß¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
¶øÕâЩÄêÊг¡×î´óµÄÒ»¸öת±ä¾ÍÊÇ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Çý¶¯ÒòËØÓÉÒÑÍùµÄÇó¹ýÓÚ¹©£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Äð³ÉÁ˹©Ó¦¹ýÊ£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¸÷Ðи÷Òµ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Äª²»ÔÆÔÆ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£ËäÈ»Êг¡ÇéÐα¬·¢ÁËת±ä£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Æóҵı»®ÕßÒ²ÄܸÐÊܵ½Êг¡´øÀ´µÄѹÁ¦£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¿ÉÊÇËûÃÇÒ»·½ÃæËß¿à´óÇéÐÎÇ·ºÃ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¾ºÕù̫ǿÁÒ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÉúÒâÔ½À´Ô½ÄÑ×ö£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Ò»·½ÃæËûÃǵÄÒâʶ»¹Í£ÁôÔÚÒÑÍù£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬»¹ÓÃÒÑÍùµÄı»®¼ÙÉèÀ´Ä±»®ÆóÒµ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
ÔÚÕâÖÖģʽÏ¿ª·¢²úÆ·£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¾ÍÏñ·ÅÔÚ¿ÍÌü¡ª¡ªÏ൱ÓÚ¹«Ë¾µÄǰ̨²¿·Ö£¨Ö÷ÒªÊÇÊг¡ÏúÊÛ£©µÄ·ÓÉÆ÷£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¾Óɲã²ãµÄǽÌåµÄ×èµ²£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬´«µ½ÎÔÊÒ¡ª¡ªÏ൱ÓÚ¹«Ë¾ÖÐ̨ºÍºǫ́ºó£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ wifiÐźŻù±¾ÉÏֻʣÏÂÒ»¸ñ»òûÓÐÁË¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¸ÐÖª²»µ½Êг¡ÐźŵÄÑз¢ÍƳöÀ´µÄ²úÆ·ËäÈ»²»Êǿͻ§ËùÐèÒªµÄ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÒÔÊÇÐí¶à¹«Ë¾µÄÑз¢ÐÁÐÁÇڿ࿪·¢ÁËÐí¶à²úÆ·£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬µ«È´ÊÇÀͶøÎÞ¹¦¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£Ê±¼äÒ»¾Ã£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¹«Ë¾ÄÚ²¿¸÷¸ö²¿·ÖºÍ¸ÚλÉî¶ÈÄÚ¾í£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¶øÍⲿ¿Í»§¼«¶Ë²»Öª×ã¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£

ÔÚÕâÖÖÇéÐÎÏÂÏëÒªÉúÑÄ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¾ÍÐèÒªÑз¢²¿·ÖÖ±½ÓÚÐÌýÓû§ºÍÊг¡µÄÉùÒô£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬×Ô¶¯µ½¿Í»§ÓªÒµ³¡¾°ÀïÈ¥£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Æ¾Ö¤¿Í»§µÄӪҵʹµã¾ÙÐвúÆ·Ñз¢£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬×îºóÍÆ³öµÄ²úÆ·²ÅÊÇÓû§ÏëÒªµÄ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£¡°
½²µ½ÕâÀ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÍõÏþÍ®ºÍÅ·Ñô¾¸ÎļòÖ±ÒªÅݸ½Ð¾ø£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÕÅЦÌì²»À¢ÊÇIPDʵսר¼Ò°¡£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¾ä¾äֱָ΢Âëı»®Òªº¦£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÔÏÈûÏëÃ÷È·µÄÒ»ÏÂ×Ó»íȻˬÀÊ£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÏëÏë΢Âë֮ǰÉϵÄIPDÊÇɶIPD°¡£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬¶¼½Ð¡°IPD¡±£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬²î±ðÔõµÎÕâô´óÄØ¡£¡£¡£¡£¡£
¿ÉÊÇËýÃÇÐÄÖÐÒ²ÓÐÒ»¸öÒÉÎÊÉýÆð£ºÄǾÍÊÇÔõÑù²Å»ªÈÃÑз¢²¿·ÖºÍǰ¶ËÊг¡Ò»Ñù£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬ÊµÊ±¸ÐÊܵ½Êг¡×ª±äÄØ£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿£¿
Ñ¡Ôñ¿Ê±ks888£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬£¬Ñ¡Ôñרҵ
¹Ø×¢¹«ÖÚºÅ
Éó²é¸ü¶à·ÖÏíÄÚÈÝ
